![]() Increasing evidence on the significance of nutrition in reproduction is emerging from both animal and human studies, suggesting a mutual association between nutrition and female fertility. This review focuses on the most recent advances in this field. The exploitation of the genetic and biochemical potential of HGM and correct ecological studies of both isolated strains and mixed population are of great interest. The variability of the human gut microbiome (HGM) in human populations and the diverse intake of GLS through the diet may lead to greater variability of the real dose of pro-healthy compounds absorbed by the human body. In the last decade, several studies showed that the human gut microbiome can provide myrosinase activity that potentially can raise the beneficial effects of consumption of vegetables rich in GLS. Many of the brassica-based foods are processed at a high temperature that inactivates enzymes, hindering its bioavailability. However, GLS derivatives’ formation needs previous enzymatic reactions catalyzed by myrosinase enzyme. These GLS derivatives have an important impact on human health, including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. Due to the enzymatic reaction between GLS and myrosinase enzyme, characteristic compounds with a pungent taste are formed, used by plants to defend themselves against insect herbivores. Glucosinolates (GLS) and their derivatives are secondary plant metabolites abundant in Brassicaceae. Understanding the cooperation between microbiota and undigested food in inflammatory diseases may clarify organ specificity, allow the setting up of adequate experimental models of disease and develop targeted dietary interventions. This applies to the brain and neuroinflammatory diseases, as to other organs and other diseases, including cancer. We suggest that what determines the organ specificity of the autoimmune-inflammatory process may depend on food antigens resembling proteins of the organ being attacked. Opening of the blood-brain barrier may trigger microglia and astrocytes and set up neuroinflammation. The efflux of undigested food, microbes, endotoxins, as well as immune-competent cells and molecules, causes chronic systemic inflammation. ![]() Gut dysbiosis, as a consequence of Western diets, leads to intestinal inflammation and a leaky intestinal barrier. What and how much we eat shape the composition of gut microbiota. To avoid the efflux of undigested food from the lumen, the intestinal barrier must remain intact. Therefore, it is at the same time foreign to us (non-self), if not yet digested, and like us (self), after its complete digestion. ![]() Food is living matter different from us, but made of our own nature. As food is an active subject and may have anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effects, dietary habits may modulate the low-grade neuroinflammation associated with chronic neurodegenerative diseases.
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